A shocking case study reveals how hidden infrastructure costs nearly destroyed one family’s dream home project The Perfect Property With a $100K Secret Hidden costs when buying land can transform a dream property into a financial nightmare. Sarah and Mike discovered this reality when a seemingly perfect 3.5-acre lot in Eastern Washington came with a shocking surprise: $100,000+ in hidden land development costs. After two years of searching for the ideal spot to build their retirement home, they found what appeared to be the perfect property. The listing checked every box: within city limits, reasonable slope, beautiful farming community setting, and those magic words every land buyer wants to see: “city water and sewer nearby.” But as their due diligence process would reveal, “nearby” and “available” carry dramatically different price tags in land development. When Property Listings Hide Infrastructure Reality Twenty years of conducting site facts reviews has taught me that real estate listings are marketing documents first, technical specifications second. The phrase “city sewer nearby” triggered immediate red flags during my property investigation. Here’s what most land buyers don’t realize: utilities nearby doesn’t guarantee affordable connection. In fact, this seemingly positive feature can indicate expensive infrastructure requirements that sellers prefer not to highlight. Sarah called me the same afternoon she discovered the property, barely containing her excitement. “This is exactly what we’ve been looking for. Can you do a quick review so we can make an offer tomorrow?” I could hear the joy in her voice, but experience had taught me to dig deeper into municipal infrastructure requirements before any land purchase moves forward. The Land Due Diligence Process That Saves Dreams Proper due diligence for land purchases requires systematic investigation beyond basic property records. Here’s the process that uncovered Sarah’s hidden costs: Municipal Records Deep Dive This small Eastern Washington farming town, like many rural communities, hadn’t invested in comprehensive GIS mapping for utilities. Their system showed basic zoning and parcels, but infrastructure details remained buried in departmental files. The property had recently been created through a minor partition – splitting a larger farm into just two lots. This process often bypasses the extensive infrastructure reviews required for major subdivisions, creating potential gaps in utility planning. Critical Area and Environmental Assessment My standard site facts review covered all environmental factors: Everything pointed to an ideal building lot – except for the utility infrastructure gap. Direct Municipal Contact Strategy When GIS systems lack utility details, successful land development requires direct communication with public works departments. I sent a detailed request to the city, including property maps and specific questions about: The $100,000 Infrastructure Reality Check The response from Public Works revealed the true cost of “city sewer nearby.” While water service was indeed available at the street, the sewer situation required major infrastructure development: Sewer Main Extension Requirements Hidden Land Development Costs Breakdown Breaking down the infrastructure requirements revealed staggering numbers: Sewer main extension: $45,000-60,000 (at $150-200 per linear foot) Manhole installations: $16,000-24,000 (two units at $8,000-12,000 each) Lift station system: $25,000-40,000 (depending on capacity) Engineering and permits: $10,000-15,000 Total estimated cost: $96,000-139,000 These figures didn’t include property-to-house connections or potential complications from other utilities in city streets. How Minor Partitions Create Infrastructure Gaps Sarah’s situation illustrates a growing problem in rural land development. Minor partitions, typically involving 2-3 lots, face less regulatory scrutiny than major subdivisions. This streamlined approval process can leave infrastructure responsibilities unclear until someone attempts to build. The original farm property had been served by private wells and septic systems. When divided, the city’s connection requirements applied to new construction, but the infrastructure to support those requirements didn’t exist. This regulatory gap between subdivision approval and infrastructure reality creates hidden costs that unsuspecting land buyers discover too late in the development process. Turning Hidden Costs Into Negotiation Power Discovering infrastructure requirements before making an offer transformed Sarah’s position from potential victim to informed negotiator. Knowledge of the true development costs provided several strategic options: Option 1: Seller Responsibility Require the property owner to complete sewer extension before closing, eliminating buyer risk but potentially reducing offer competitiveness. Option 2: Price Adjustment Strategy Reduce the purchase offer by estimated infrastructure costs, providing funds for required work while maintaining offer attractiveness. Option 3: Shared Investment Approach Negotiate split responsibility for infrastructure development, balancing risk and investment between parties. The key advantage was timing – understanding requirements before commitment allowed for strategic negotiation rather than crisis management. The Broader Impact of Hidden Infrastructure Costs Sarah’s case represents a systemic challenge affecting rural and small-town development nationwide. As agricultural land transitions to residential use, infrastructure capacity often lags behind development pressure. For land buyers, this creates a minefield of potential hidden costs. Property listings use terms like “utilities nearby” or “city services available” without clarifying actual connection requirements or associated expenses. Municipal planning departments, particularly in smaller communities, may lack resources for comprehensive infrastructure mapping. This forces individual property buyers to conduct their own utility feasibility studies – often after purchase when options become limited. Site Facts Review: Your Shield Against Hidden Costs A comprehensive site facts review provides systematic protection against hidden land development costs through: Infrastructure Gap Analysis Comparing property boundaries with existing utility service areas to identify extension requirements and associated costs. Municipal Code Compliance Review Understanding connection requirements, alternatives, and exceptions that might affect development feasibility and costs. Construction Timeline Assessment Evaluating how infrastructure requirements impact building schedules, permits, and financing considerations. Cost Estimation and Budgeting Researching local construction costs to quantify financial implications of discovered requirements. Without this systematic approach, land buyers risk discovering expensive surprises during the building permit process, when backing out is no longer financially viable. The Resolution: From Crisis to Success Armed with detailed infrastructure cost analysis, Sarah successfully negotiated a resolution that saved her dream home project. The seller, initially claiming ignorance about sewer requirements, faced documentation proving the infrastructure gap. Ultimately, they agreed to a shared investment approach: Sarah closed on the property with full knowledge of costs

What you ignore at the first site visit is what your client will hate you for after move-in. We’ve reviewed hundreds of post-move-in surveys, and the message is brutally clear: grading and drainage issues top the list of homeowner frustrations year after year. It’s not trim, it’s not paint—it’s water. Water in garages. Water standing against foundations. Water pooling into backyards. And almost every time? The early warning signs were there on day one. In this article, we’ll break down: Let’s dive in. Common Residential Drain Types (and When They’re Used) Understanding drainage solutions is key to avoiding future problems. Here are the big players: French Drain Curtain Drain Trench Drain Perimeter Drain Rain Drain Low Point Drain Area Drain Grading and Drainage Code Requirements (Oregon and Washington) Across Western Oregon and Washington, certain drainage systems are consistently required for residential construction due to wet seasonal climates and stormwater regulations. These include: Each county or city may have specific engineering design standards or stormwater manuals that add additional requirements, but these three systems (rain drains, perimeter drains, and low point drains) are core expectations across the region. Bottom Line: Proper planning for these drainage systems isn’t optional—it’s a codified part of responsible site development throughout Western Oregon and Washington. Where Drainage Problems Start (and How to Spot Them) Our review of hundreds of new construction homes shows the biggest pain points for drainage issues are: These issues don’t appear magically after closing. They’re visible—or preventable—during the first site walk if you know what to look for. When SiteFacts Flags Drainage Risk When we evaluate a lot through SiteFacts, here are the scenarios that trigger early drainage planning: Ignoring these indicators means passing problems down the line—to your trades, your warranty department, and ultimately, your customer. Conclusion: Control Water or Pay Later Grading and drainage issues aren’t cosmetic. They’re structural. They’re emotional. They’re expensive. And they’re preventable. The best time to fix a water problem is at the first site evaluation—not after a call from a furious customer standing ankle-deep in their new backyard “lake.” SiteFacts Reports are designed to surface these hidden risks early—before they cost you time, money, and reputation. Ready to make smarter, drier decisions? Visit www.sitefactsreport.com to learn more.